![]() ![]() Poor foundation: Floating breakwaters might be a proper solution where poor foundations possibilities prohibit the application of bottom supported breakwaters.Some of the conditions that favour floating breakwaters are: Therefore, they have been increasingly used aiming at protecting small craft harbours or marinas or, less frequently, the shoreline, aiming at erosion control. It can be effective in coastal areas with mild wave environment conditions. You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.Figure 1 Example of floating breakwater (Fezzano,SP-Italy courtesy of INGEMAR srl)įloating breakwaters represent an alternative solution to protect an area from wave attack, compared to conventional fixed breakwaters. 18 (1982): Proceedings of 18th Conference on Coastal Engineering, Cape Town, South Africa, 1982. 15 (1976): Proceedings of 15th Conference on Coastal Engineering, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1976.Ĭoastal Engineering Proceedings: No. 19 (1984): Proceedings of 19th Conference on Coastal Engineering, Houston, Texas, 1984.Ĭoastal Engineering Proceedings: No. 21 (1988): Proceedings of 21st Conference on Coastal Engineering, Torremolinos, Spain, 1988.Ĭoastal Engineering Proceedings: No. ![]() 20 (1986): Proceedings of 20th Conference on Coastal Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan, 1986.Ĭoastal Engineering Proceedings: No. 23 (1992): Proceedings of 23rd Conference on Coastal Engineering, Venice, Italy, 1992.Ĭoastal Engineering Proceedings: No. 22 (1990): Proceedings of 22nd Conference on Coastal Engineering, Delft, The Netherlands, 1990.Ĭoastal Engineering Proceedings: No. 24 (1994): Proceedings of 24th Conference on Coastal Engineering, Kobe, Japan, 1994.Ĭoastal Engineering Proceedings: No. 25 (1996): Proceedings of 25th Conference on Coastal Engineering, Orlando, Florida, 1996.Ĭoastal Engineering Proceedings: No. 26 (1998): Proceedings of 26th Conference on Coastal Engineering, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1998.Ĭoastal Engineering Proceedings: No. Great latitude was given personal discretion and judgment, since those factors which might influence or standardize design were little understood.Ĭomplete Proceedings - Single PDF DownloadĬoastal Engineering Proceedings: No. Until recently, the design and construction of breakwaters was largely an empirical "art" based mainly on the designer's observations of the performance of previously constructed breakwaters. The first half of the paper discusses general subjects (choice of location and type of breakwater, etc.) relevant to both types. Since the experience of the San Francisco District, Corps of Engineers, has been limited to the construction of rubble-mound breakwaters and jetties in as much as practically all breakwaters on the Pacific Coast are of rubble-mound construction, the second half of this paper has been limited to the consideration of this type of structure. ![]() A possible third group, the composite type, consists of the wall-type placed upon a rubble-mound foundation. ![]() Breakwaters may be roughly divided into two main groups, the vertical-wall type and the rubble-mound type. Breakwaters are structures used to improve a naturally protected (sheltered) harbor or to create a sheltered harbor at locations required for shipping, refuge, recreation, etc. As the name implies, a breakwater is a barrier constructed to break up and disperse heavy seas, to shield the interior waters of a harbor from winds and waves, and to provide shelter and protection for ships, shipping facilities, and other harbor improvements. ![]()
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